BACKUP AND RESTORE DOTFILES USING GIT

Introduction

This article is about how to back up dotfiles using Git. I will try to keep it short and straightforward.

I’m using Zsh as the shell in the examples, but another shell can be used. The commands below should be executed as a normal user in the /home directory.

Set up the repository

Create a local Git repository that will be used to track the dotfiles.

git init $HOME/.dotfiles

Prepare the environment

The default behaviour of Git commands is to run inside the project folder using information stored at the <project>/.git directory and Git assumes that the working tree is located at <project>. To enable the execution of Git commands specifically for the “dotfiles” repository from anywhere, it is needed to create an alias that indicates the location of the Git directory and the working tree.

alias dotfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME'

Make this alias permanent.

echo "alias dotfiles='/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME'" >> $HOME/.zsh/aliases

Source the aliases file inside the .zshrc file by adding the following line.

source $HOME/.zsh/aliases

Configure Git

By default, Git will consider all the files under the working tree as untracked. To avoid this behaviour, configure Git to show only the files that are explicitly added.

dotfiles config --local status.showUntrackedFiles no

Add files to be tracked

Add the files that you want to track, for example.

dotfiles add .vimrc .zshrc .gitignore .zsh/aliases

Configure the remote URL

Link the local to the remote repository. The remote repository can be a GitHub or any other Git repository.

dotfiles remote add origin <remote-url>

Push the changes to the remote repository

Push the changes to the remote repository. This is effectively the backup of the dotfiles.

dotfiles push -u origin main

Now the dotfiles are backed up to the remote repository.

Restoring the files

To restore the dotfiles in a new system, clone the repository using the --bare option.

git clone --bare <remote-url> $HOME/.dotfiles

Before checking out, ensure that none of the repository files exist in the local filesystem. If there are existing files, backup them by renaming them to something like filename.old and then run the following command.

/usr/bin/git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles --work-tree=$HOME checkout

Close the terminal and re-open it. All the configurations should be enabled now as the dotfiles should be at the right places.

Conclusion

Job done! The files are now being backed up to GitHub and restored to the right place. Remember to use the dotfiles alias when dealing with the dotfiles Git repository.